Anesthetic Anesthesia and LEOPARD Syndrome: A Review of Forty-nine Exposures

Objectives: LEOPARD syndrome is a rare congenital disease that can manifest with cardiac anomalies, multiple lentigines, ocular hypertelorism, growth retardation, and deafness. The purpose of this case series was to review the most prominent comorbidities associated with LEOPARD syndrome, and describe perioperative outcomes in a series of patients undergoing anesthesia. Design: Retrospective case series review Setting: Tertiary care institution Participants: Patients diagnosed with LEOPARD syndrome who underwent surgical procedures requiring anesthesia at this institution. Intervention: The medical and anesthesia records of patients with LEOPARD syndrome were reviewed. Demographic information, clinical features of LEOPARD syndrome, comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative events and complications were recorded. A systematic literature review also was conducted.